《诗经》蕴藏着中华文明早期民本思想的萌芽，是后世民本思想的重要源头。孟子继承并发展了这一民本传统，从“制民之产”“薄税敛”“教化民众”“与民偕乐”四个方面，对《诗经》的民本思想进行转化。这种转化的结果既表现为孟子对《诗经》民本思想内涵的深化，也落实在孟子有关土地制度、赋税政策、道德教化等方面的具体治国方略中，并最终内化为以“民贵君轻”“保民而王”为核心的民本思想。孟子借《诗经》阐释仁政思想，不仅深化了后人对《诗经》的理解，更为后世儒家政治哲学奠定了重要基础，其民本思想至今仍具有重要的启示意义。

As the first collection of poems in the history of Chinese literature,the Book of Songs contains the germ of the early Chinese civilization's people-oriented ideology. Mencius inherited and developed this people-oriented tradition during the Warring States period. By reviewing the references of " Mencius" to " The Book of Songs",it can be seen that Mencius transformed the people-oriented ideology of " The Book of Songs" from four aspects: " controlling the people's property", " reducing taxes and levies", " educating the people",and " enjoying with the people". The result of this transformation is not only manifested in Mencius' deepening of the connotation of the people-oriented ideology in the Book of Songs,but also implemented in Mencius' specific governance strategies related to land system,taxation policies,moral education,etc.,and ultimately internalized into Mencius' people-oriented ideology with the core of " valuing the people over the ruler" and " protecting the people and the king". Mencius used the Book of Songs to explain his own benevolent governance philosophy,which not only deepened the understanding of the Book of Songs by later generations,but also laid an important foundation for Confucian political philosophy. His people-oriented ideology still has important enlightening significance today.